This is an updated version of the piece that was first published in World Order, Fall 1996; revised and expanded for online publication, 2005, as volume 6 of Witnesses to Bábí and Bahá'í History. See also image scans of the original World Order article, rabbani_astani_martyrs_manshad.pdf, and image scans of the original Persian text, manshadi_martyrs_manshad_persian.pdf.

See also Treatise on Persecution of Bahá'ís in 1903 and The Events and Tragedies of Manshád.